【摘要】We show that key functions are spatially clustered with; or dispersed from;each other even within manufacturing industries in West Germany; and that these clustering or dispersion patterns have changed significantly during recent decades.Estimating levels and changes (1992–2007) of localizations and colocalizations of selected functions (production; headquarter services; R&D) within 27 West German industries bymeans of K densities;weidentify two broad groups of industries. In “fragmenting” industries; which account for half of manufacturing employment; functions were more clustered with each other than the industry as a whole after the fall of the Iron Curtain but have; in accordance with regional theories of spatial fragmentation;been unbundled spatially from each other subsequently. In “integrating” industries; by contrast; which account for one-third of manufacturing employment; functions were initially dispersed from each other but have subsequently been rebundled spatially with each other. This spatial rebundling may be a consequence of offshoring; i.e.;international fragmentation.

【文献来源】Bade F J;Bode E;Cutrini E.Annals of regional Science.2015（1）